1. Must all the tubes be in socket to check DC. voltages from
bottom?? Some tubes are deeply burried in chasis and impossible to
measure from bottom. By removing tube and checking pin from top of
chasis - it would be possible to measure volts. Is this OK ?

2. I have no VTVM. Can a modern Fluke voltmeter be used ?

Thanks

James

Tubes must be in for the correct voltages. Yes you can use the modern
meters for DC, but if you're measuring a radio the RF could cause
bogus readings and present a hazard. Do not rely on any digital meter
to give correct answers in a powered-on tube based boat anchor. You
can get nice meters (20kOhms/volt) for $10 from C&H or FairRadio. It
will be a lot safer.

Use the Fluke meter for static measurements and precision measurements.

Watch for tube test sockets at ham fairs. Or make your own. These
have pins that allow you to measure voltages with the tube plugged
in.
--
Steven D. Swift, , http://www.novatech-instr.com
NOVATECH INSTRUMENTS, INC. P.O. Box 55997
206.301.8986, fax 206.363.4367 Seattle, Washington 98155 USA